Since TAMs express PD1, which is necessary for maintaining M2 phenotypes of CD163+ TAMs by PD-L1/PD1 signaling [4], and since the blockade of PD-L1/PD1 re-polarizes and activates TAMs into antitumor, anti-PD1 Abs could activate CD163+ TAMs when these Abs reach at the tumor microenvironment appropriately (Figure 1). Here, CD163 is linked to neoplasm.