For instance, Kim’s group demonstrated that SSc sera containing autoantibodies that mark SSc, such as anti-centromere (ACA) and anti-topoisomerase (ATA) antibodies, induced high levels of IFN-α in healthy donor (HD) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a pDC- and RNA/DNA-dependent manner [9]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is systemic sclerosis.