Combination therapy using anti-PD-1 antibody and an inhibitor of CXCR4, a receptor for CXCL12/SDF-1 that contributes to the maintenance of tumor stem cells, also increases local infiltration of CD4/8 T cells by suppressing Treg and MDSC tumor invasion and prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice [94]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.