MIF and central nervous system infectious disorder: It has been proposed as a biomarker in central nervous system infection (Østergaard & Benfield, 2009), acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis (Rahman, Menon, Holmfield, McMahon, & Guillou, 2007), acute pyelonephritis (Otukesh et al., 2009), and different causes of severe sepsis (Østergaard & Benfield, 2009) Thus, MIF appeared to be a biomarker for acute pathologies such as active vitiligo and critical illness.