HLA-DRB1*03:01 was positively associated with diabetes (81/188, 43.1%) compared with control participants (40/152, 26.3%; OR 2.12; p = 0.0014), and this association persisted when considering only GADA-positive cases (54/102, 52.9%) (Table 2). The gene discussed is HLA-DRB1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.