In insulin‐resistant states, both the presynaptic release of norepinephrine at the VMH and the postsynaptic response to norepinephrine on VMH neurons are elevated37, 38 and artificial induction of this hyper‐noradrenergic alteration in lean, insulin‐sensitive animals is sufficient to induce insulin resistance and glucose intolerance even in such animals on RC.9, 10, 39, 40, 41. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Glucose intolerance.