NOD1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: This increased lipogenesis in the absence of NOD1 under HFD was confirmed by the fatty acid composition of livers that showed an increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a decrease of saturated fatty acids (SFA), a metabolic situation associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)49 (Fig. 4e).