In the studies of Zhang et al., 2018 and Zha et al., 2016 reported that cytokine L-1ß is a key proinflammatory substance in T2DM pathogenesis and has shown a reduction in weight gain, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and a lower β-cell loss in their vaccine with predicted peptide epitopes [55, 72]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.