In the recent report of 105 and 11 cases of PAs and carcinoma ex PA, respectively, approximately 40% of cases harbored PLAG1 fusion genes: CTNNB1-PLAG1 in 22 cases, CHCHD7-PLAG1 in 14 cases, LIFR - PLAG1 in 4 cases, and HMGA2 fusion genes in 2 cases.[16] Hence, the PLAG1 gene is predicted to play a crucial part in the tumorigenesis of PA. This evidence concerns the gene LIFR and carcinoma.