APP and Alzheimer disease: Risk factors for AD onset include family history, education, high-fat diet, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, distress, insomnia, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcoholism, substance abuse, age, history of head trauma or susceptibility genes such as Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), Beta-secretase (BACE) and Apolipoprotein Ɛ (APOƐ) (4).