Our data indicate that overexpression of HIPK2KD and treatment of BT173 reduced the renal fibrosis to a similar extent in mice with FAN, and that administration of BT173 in Pax8-HIPK2KD mice did not provide additional benefit, suggesting that both HIPK2 activity and its interaction with Smad3 are required for its profibrosis effect. The gene discussed is PAX8; the disease is renal fibrosis.