AKT1 and neoplasm: This model is the first demonstration of clonally related tumor cells in the SVZ undergoing distant dispersal (and less frequently, local expansion) via polyclonal and/or parallel seeding into distant brain regions by sequentially activating cancer drivers in Ras/Erk/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTORC signaling pathways (Fig. 8j)14,36–38.