MICU1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In order to analyse the molecular mechanism by which cytoplasmic calcium fluctuation could trigger mitochondrial phenotype alternation in the skin and its primary cells, we examined at 45 min the expression of MCU and MICU1 (two well-known mitochondrial calcium uniporters), and found that, upon subjection to high glucose injection, MCU and MICU1 expression at the mRNA level were significantly increased in both healthy (3 and 2.8-fold increases, respectively) and type I diabetic mice (3.8 and 4-fold increases) compared with their control counterparts (Fig. 5h,i).