Increasing evidence has also shown that MCL1 is highly expressed in multiple cancer subtypes, including hematological malignancies37, melanoma38, testicular germ cell tumor39, hepatocellular carcinoma40, breast cancer22, urothelial carcinoma41 etc. Genetic studies have revealed that the MCL1 gene is located within 1q21.2, one of the most frequently amplified chromosome regions, and amplified in more than 10% of cancers42,43. This evidence concerns the gene MCL1 and cancer.