Although there was no significant difference in the survival rate in the LPS + mBM-MSC, LPS + mBM-MSC-NC, and LPS + mBM-MSC-TGFβ1 groups compared to that in the ARDS group, an upward trend was still found after mMSCs treatment (p > 0.05, Fig. 10). Here, TGFB1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.