Our epidemiologic findings provide greater credence to the hypothesis that n-3 PUFAs may reduce breast cancer risk through these immuno-modulatory mechanisms because cytotoxic CD8 T cells have antitumorigenic properties [27], and tumors that arise in an immune microenvironment with a dearth of CD8 cells may therefore derive greater benefit from the anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory effects of n-3 PUFAs. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is breast carcinoma.