PRAME and ovarian serous carcinoma: Genes with increased expression in tumours with CNAs compared to those without CNAs included the extracellular matrix (ECM) and signalling molecules HAPLN1 and ANOS1, the antigen and repressor of retinoic acid signalling molecule PRAME, and the cell cycle regulator CKS2. All of these genes have been previously associated with overexpression in other types of neoplasm [28–34], and PRAME and CKS2 expression have been proposed as markers of poor prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma [33, 35].