CMV infection increases the secretion of numerous cytokines including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), TNF-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β [20,21]. Here, TNF is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.