IL18 and Hyperglycemia: Furthermore, Hyperglycemia could also increase inflammatory cytokine (including tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], and interleukin‐18 [IL‐18]) by an oxidative stress mechanism in human (Esposito et al., 2002), suggesting hyperglycemia triggers inflammatory response.