Notably, HMGB1 which connects to inflammatory carcinogenesis19, 20, 21, 22 is increased in cancerous HCC tissues as well as in patients’ sera and serves as prognostic marker indicating progression of clinical HCC.17, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33. Here, HMGB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.