H19 and gastric cancer: Yang et al. (2012) demonstrated that H19 is significantly increased in human gastric cancer tissues and AGS cell lines and accelerates gastric cancer cell proliferation. HOTAIR can promote the development of cancer by silencing the expression of miR-34a, inducing SNAIL, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways (Liu Y. et al., 2015). Xu et al. found that FOXM and PVT form a positive feedback loop to promote gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis (Kong et al., 2015).