While studies highlighting the association between E5 oncoprotein of high-risk HPV and PD-1/PD-L1 expression in cervical cancer are scarce, Kim et al. investigated the effects of E5 expression on epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (EGFR1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cervical cancer cell lines (12), concluding that E5 oncoprotein activates EGFR1 thereby upregulating the expression of VEGF (9). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cervical cancer.