Phenotype and function of CD4+T helper and CD8+CTLs revealed that MSCs, injected 24 h after melanoma induction, significantly increased the presence of antitumorigenic and IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing CD4+Th1 cells (p < 0.05 for IFN-γ, Figure 2(f); p < 0.001 for TNF-α, Figure 2(g)), IL-17-producing CD4+Th17 cells (p < 0.001, Figure 2(h)), and IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing CD8+CTLs (p < 0.001, Figures 2(j) and 2(k)) in melanoma-bearing animals. Here, TNF is linked to melanoma.