INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Among the beneficial effects of PPARγ activation by classical agonists, such as the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other morbidities associated with obesity, two important axes have been recognized: firstly, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and secondly, increased energy expenditure in white adipose tissue [153, 154].