IFNA1 and viral infectious disease: Given that the expression of type 1 IFNs and subsequently IFN-inducible antiviral proteins in host cells upon viral infection is a key mechanism underlying the restriction of virus replication (Sadler and Williams, 2008; Diamond and Farzan, 2013), we examined the role of IFN signaling in limiting MuV replication in Sertoli and Leydig cells.