Microglia activation is reportedly associated with increased S1P content after spinal cord injury (Kimura et al., 2007), and the expression of SphK1 was shown to increase in MS lesions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat astrocytes (Fischer et al., 2011), suggesting that increased S1P production may be a factor that leads to astrogliosis in MS. This evidence concerns the gene SPHK1 and myeloid sarcoma.