TNF and adenocarcinoma: Moreover, it has been shown that murine SAA3 recombinantly expressed in E. coli (mu rSAA3) induces tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in peritoneal macrophages and murine colonic CMT-93 cells [14, 15] and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and CCL5 mRNA in murine adenocarcinoma VMR cells [16].