TNF and neoplasm: We also cultured mouse (Fig. 1e) and human (Extended Data Fig. 1e) Teff cells in conditioned medium and assessed the expression of effector molecules, including granzyme B, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), all of which are important in mediating the tumour-cell-killing activity of Teff cells.