The Phase 3, randomised KEYNOTE-010 trial investigated the use of pembrolizumab versus docetaxel in pretreated patients with PD-L1 expression on at least 1% of tumour cells.46 The median OS was 10.4 versus 8.5 months, favouring pembrolizumab (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.88; P = 0.0008), and higher levels of PD-L1 expression on tumour cells were associated with better outcomes (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38–0.77; P = 0.0002 in the PD-L1 > 50% subgroup). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.