The Phase 3 randomised KEYNOTE-042 trial had a similar design and treatment arms but randomised patients with tumour PD-L1 expression >1%.47 The median OS was superior for the pembrolizumab arm at different PD-L1 expression cut-offs (>1, >20 and >50%), although the magnitude of benefit was smaller in the case of lower PD-L1 expression (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.93, P = 0.0018, for >1% expression versus HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56–0.85, P = 0.0003 for >50% expression). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.