VCAM1 and hydrops fetalis: The underlying mechanisms of inflammatory-dependent HF in diabetic patients include increased expression levels of interleukins (IL) 1β and 6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), together with decreased activity of collagen-degrading matrix metalloproteinase (Swinnen et al. 2009).