CD274 and pancreatic neoplasm: While the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumour cells is considered to be a poor prognostic factor, it has attracted attention as a target and marker for anti-tumour drugs.5 There have been several reports of PD-L1-high expression groups being correlated with worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer.6 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that activate autoimmunity have shown effective results in lung cancer.7,8 They are expected to be effective in pancreatic cancer as well.