KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: This has resulted in a plethora of PCa risk prediction tools, with to date more than 100 models described.86 87 There is evidence that some of these models show benefit and have better performance over just PSA measurement alone.20 It also has been demonstrated that some of these models out-performed clinical experts in predicting PCa.28 29 Although such models are not designed to replace specialist clinical judgement or patient preferences,76 85 88 they can help in patient counselling and aid clinicians to decide whether a prostate biopsy should be taken or not.77 88 89