EIF2A and infection: Additionally, a recent study has also provided evidence that VHSV NV plays a role in the mediation of the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) pathway through increased levels of phosphorylated eIF2α and viral-mediated host translational shutoff, leading to efficient viral protein synthesis and decreased IFN production during infection [61].