TLR5 and viral infectious disease: This approach identified a blood transcriptional signature, SeptiCyteTM TRIAGE, based on the sum of three gene-pair ratios (DIAPH2/IL7R, GBP2/GIMAP4, TLR5/FGL2), which differentiated bacterial infections from viral infections and healthy controls in the discovery data sets (Table S1) with a ROC AUC range of 0.77–1 (Fig. 1a).