CINS patients had 3-fold-greater levels of stimulated IFN-ɣ production than COVID-19 patients (mean 15.7 ± 2 vs. 4.8 ± 1) Additionally, the mean number of IFN-ɣ–producing cells in septic patients was 2-fold greater than in COVID-19 patients (mean 12 ± 2 vs. 4.8 ± 1) (Figure 4A and Supplemental Figure 1). Here, IFNA1 is linked to COVID-19.