HIF1A and breast carcinoma: These findings are consistent with in vitro studies indicating that chemotherapy can induce HIFα levels even in non‐hypoxic cancer cell lines, a phenomenon thought to be correlated with cancer stem cell enrichment leading to therapy resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis (Samanta et al, 2014); likewise, a previous in vivo study showed that MTD doxorubicin increased HIF‐1α levels in isogenic breast cancer orthografts, independently of hypoxic severity (Cao et al, 2013).