These regions were identified to harbour five positional candidate genes for T2DM and related complications: the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in 18p11; the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 (PPARGC1) in 4p15; PTEN, PPP1R5, and IDE in 10q23 (Supplementary Appendix, pp.16). This evidence concerns the gene PPP1R3C and type 2 diabetes mellitus.