Furthermore, a recent systematic review elucidated a statistically significant difference in the levels of some salivary cytokines (IL-6, CCL3, TGF-β, CXCL8, GM-CSF, and TNF-α) between subjects with denture stomatitis and controls (P < 0.05) and, on the other side, the lack of significant differences in the same group/control pair, as regards IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 [181]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and denture stomatitis.