INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: By using a highly sensitive and specific ELISA assay, levels of gCD59 were found to be 3- to 4-fold higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes, higher gCD59 concentrations were strongly associated with higher glucose levels after 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests and the gCD59 level has also been shown to acutely parallel changes in glycaemic control during therapeutic intervention with insulin [35, 36].