In the experiment, Dazl-sgRNAs were designed, synthesized and cloned into a lentiviral vector, which was subsequently transduced into glioma cells at a low multiplicity of infection to ensure that only one sgRNA copy was integrated per cell; then, the Cas9 enzyme was guided to the Dazl gene location, where Cas9 induced a double-strand break [31] The repair of such a break by glioma cells led to a knockout of the targeted Dazl gene, and the Dazl+/− GBM cell lines grew stably for generations. Here, DAZL is linked to infection.