This accounts for the involvement of IL-33 in an extensive range of non-allergic diseases, including fungal, helminth, protozoa, bacterial, and viral infection diseases, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrotic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, diseases of the central nervous system (Alzheimer), cancer, graft versus host disease (GVHD), obesity, and diabetes. Here, IL33 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.