The serine proteinase NE, secreted by neutrophils and macrophages during inflammation, has been implicated in lung disease and progression [44,68], while the inducible inflammatory mediator COX-2, a primary target for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has been implicated in arthritis, atherosclerosis, cancer and the neuronal cell injury involved in Alzheimer’s disease [53,69]. Here, PTGS2 is linked to cancer.