PIK3C2A and muscular dystrophy: Blood tests often monitor the level of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), however, this test can only detect the disease in later stages and is generally non-specific, as high levels of CPK can be found in an individual’s blood after experiencing a heart attack, drinking alcohol in excess, or participating in strenuous exercise.4–9 Electromyography can confirm muscle weakness without pinpointing a direct cause of it.10 Muscle biopsies can differentiate muscular dystrophies from other muscle diseases,11 however biopsy examinations can be both expensive and invasive.