HSD17B4 and posterior cortical atrophy: To elucidate the role of HSD17B4 in PCa pathogenesis, we analyzed HSD17B4 mRNA levels in published profiles from PCa patients and found that HSD17B4 was upregulated in PCa samples (498 cases) compared with levels in adjacent normal tissue samples (52 cases) (P < 0.001) (Figure 1A and Supplementary Table 2).