Compared to patients that were negative for all investigated RA-associated autoantibodies, the presence of ACPA fine-specificities and/or IgG/IgA RF and/or anti-CarP antibodies (in the anti-CCP2−/IgM RF− subset) associated with higher DAS28 during follow-up (Table 4). The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.