PRTN3 and rheumatoid arthritis: Seropositive and seronegative RA seem to have disparate mechanisms in predisposition, since HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles, as well as a number of other genes, associate primarily with ACPA-positive RA [2, 3], while other genes have been linked to ACPA-negative disease [4], suggesting that these subsets are partly separate disease entities.