In this study, we found that increased serum protein carbonyl levels were associated with overhydration, sarcopenia, SGA-assessed malnutrition and serum levels of prealbumin, and each standard deviation increase in log-protein carbonyl levels independently predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, CAD, CVD, BMI, dialysis vintage and serum albumin concentration in patients undergoing regular HD. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and nutritional deficiency disease.