Perinatal clinical data, a neonatal critical illness score (NCIS), different soluble B7-H3(sB7-H3), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels by days after birth were collected to identify postnatal risk factors that predict the occurrence of BPD in preterm infants within a gestational age ≤32 weeks. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.