ITGAM and neoplasm: Lechner et al. revealed that induction of CD33+ MDSCs and CD11b+ MDSCs depended upon over-expression of various cytokines by a range of different tumor cell lines [especially IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, VEGF, GM-CSF for CD33+ MDSCs and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L), and TGFβ for CD11b+ MDSCs] (14).