TNF and tuberculosis: We also hypothesised that Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected children would have a pro-inflammatory profile at early timepoints in the assay (with high levels of TNFα, IL-1α, and IL-1β, and low levels of IL-10) associated with an effective innate immune response, whilst the adaptive response of Highly TB-Exposed Infected children would lead to elevated levels of IFN-γ at later timepoints.