TNF and tuberculosis: At 96 h, TNFα responses were higher in Highly TB-Exposed Infected children (median 667.6pg/ml, IQR 421.4–959.2) than Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected children (median: 386pg/ml, IQR 268.8–622.3) although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.096) There were no statistically significant differences between IL1α, IL1β, and IL10 responses to BCG in whole blood from Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected and Highly TB-Exposed Infected children (Fig. 3c–e, Table 3).