Although there was not a matched design and the number of paediatric participants is not clear, persistently IGRA negative Indonesian household TB contacts in comparison to those who converted to a positive IGRA showed no difference in levels of TNF-α, IL1β, IL-1RA, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-8 in response to in vitro BCG infection or stimulation with an MTB lysate [18]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and tuberculosis.