IRS1 and Alzheimer disease: Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IkBa), IκB kinase (IKK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) can be also activated in AD and lead to inhibition of IRS-1 phosphorylation in tyrosine residues with the concomitant increase of TNF-α [2].